Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hyperlipidemia in China

BACKGROUND We explored the prevalence of and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in the adult population of Shanghai (China) with and without dyslipidemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey including 14 385 adults (aged 16 to 88 years) in Shanghai using a stratified, multistage cluster sampling approach. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia were found in 1456 (10.1%) and 4583 (31.9%) subjects, respectively. Type 2 diabetes was more common in males (11.4%) than in females (9.2%, P<0.01), in the elderly (> or =65 years, 22.5%) than in younger (<55 years, <10%, P<0.01) individuals, and in urban (12.8%) than in rural populations (5.2%, P<0.01). Diabetes incidence was higher among patients with hyperlipidemia than in controls (16.9% vs. 7.0%, P<0.01; OR=2.72, 95% CI 2.44-3.03). Compared with controls, the risk for diabetes in subjects with isolated hypertriglyceridemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia increased 1.75-fold (95% CI 1.53-1.99), 1.53-fold (95% CI 1.17-2.01), and 2.93-fold (95% CI 2.37-3.63), respectively. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2h-postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PG) increased with age in both sexes. The age- and sex-adjusted FPG and 2h-PG levels in hyperlipidemia were significantly higher than in controls (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in hyperlipidemia patients exists in Shanghai. Hyperlipidemia is associated with elevated blood glucose levels and therefore requires prompt intervention for prevention and treatment of diabetes in patients with dyslipidemia.